快速加工圆柱直齿轮的展成拉齿工艺

针对圆柱齿轮传统滚齿、铣齿加工效率偏低的问题,提出了展成拉齿加工的工艺方案,从专用刀具、展成切削原理和加工效率计算等方面入手,从理论上分析了该工艺的优越性,例举了双齿条分度机构改装方案,客观论证了圆柱齿轮展成拉齿加工工艺的成熟可靠性。     

基于绿色的煤机零件加工工艺方案的选择

由于煤矿机械所处的环境比较恶劣,因此其设计与制造一般只考虑本身的性能和使用寿命。结合煤矿机械产品的特点,从绿色角度探讨了煤机零件加工工艺过程模型,建立了绿色工艺评价体系,并对带式输送机中滚筒的加工工艺进行了分析,指出了今后煤机产品绿色制造的发展趋势。     

古老变粒岩区岩体风化规律的研究

古老变粒岩地区 ,岩体风化剧烈、风化深度大且各处风化深度差异极大 ,地表多呈散砂粒状 ,该文对其在水利水电工程地质勘察中遇到问题进行了深入研究 ,初步掌握了古老变粒岩区岩体风化规律     

Combined advanced oxidation and biodegradation of industrial effluents from the production of stilbene-based fluorescent whitening agents

Three different industrial wastewaters from the production of stilbene-based fluorescent whitening agents were investigated with regard to the applicability of advanced oxidation processes combined with biodegradation. Oxidation processes included the application of ozone, hydrogen peroxide, UV-radiation and Fenton's reagent (Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2)). Characterization of the combined chemical-biological treatment was done by sum parameters and HPLC analysis. In addition, toxicity was determined using the luminescence inhibition test. Results showed that processes producing OH-radicals without the need of UV-irradiation proved to be suited for the oxidation of all three wastewaters. H(2)O(2)/UV processes were ineffective due to the high inner filter effect of the effluents. Comparing the combined oxidative-biological process with biological treatment, the applied pre-oxidation steps did not always lead to a significant improvement of the biological degradation. In one case, an inverted treatment starting with biodegradation followed by oxidation turned out to be the preferable procedure. After oxidation with ozone or ozone combined with UV-irradiation, an increase in toxicity was partly observed indicating the formation of toxic intermediate products. In some cases samples had to be diluted before the biodegradation step to achieve a better biodegradability.     

NUMERICAL MODELING FOR COUPLED THERMO-HYDRO-MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES (THMC) OF GEOLOGICAL MEDIA——INTERNATIONAL AND CHINESE EXPERIENCES

The coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical and chemical (THMC) processes of stress/deformation, fluid flow, temperature and geochemical reactions of the geological media, namely fractured rocks and soils, play an important role in design, construction,operation and environmental impact assessments of rock and soil engineering works such as underground nuclear waste repositories,oil/gas production and storage, geothermal energy extraction, landslides and slope stability, hydropower and water conservancy complexes, etc. This paper presents an overview of the international and Chinese experiences in numerical modeling of the coupled THMC processes for both the state-of-the-knowledge, remaining challenges and vossible future vrosvects.     

三峡地区泥灰质岩石在岩溶和风化过程中力学性质的变化

三峡地区泥灰质岩石的岩溶问题是新近发现的重大工程地质问题。泥灰质岩石具有灰岩和泥岩双重特性，在其中的钙质成分被溶蚀的同时，泥质成分遭受风化，从而使岩性和岩石结构发生变化，岩石的力学强度不断降低，有的岩石己属于较软岩范围。岩溶、风化形成的松散土层具有易滑性，易于发生变形破坏。泥灰质岩石作为移民迁建地基可能因溶蚀、风化而发生地质灾害。防止水向地基的入渗是防治该区地质灾害的关键。     

Growth and control of filamentous microbes in activated sludge: an integrated hypothesis

Since its initial development and application, the activated sludge process has undergone a continual evolution aimed at maximizing process efficiency and controlling population selection. Organic loading rate, dissolved oxygen concentration and reactor configuration have been implicated as key process variables affecting sludge settleability, their combined effects determining which microbe or microbes are best able to grow and survive in a given system. Using available pure and mixed culture observations, a conceptual hypothesis centered around three model organisms has been developed to explain the growth and control of filamentous organisms in activated sludge. Organism selection in continuously fed systems has been hypothesized to be dominated by filamentous organisms with high sustainable growth rates at low reactor substrate concentrations/organic loading rates and filaments best able to compete for dissolved oxygen at elevated reactor substrate concentrations/organic loading rates. Intermittently fed systems, on the other hand, enrich for nonfilamentous organisms which both rapidly extract substrate from solution and maintain peak activity during extended periods of endogeneous metabolism. While both types of reactor induced feeding patterns can control filamentous organism growth, intermittently fed systems are capable of operation over a wider range of operating conditions by accentuating differences in organism physiology. Additional selection pressures such as substrate composition, non-ideal reactor hydraulics and time-variable influent waste streams were also discussed in relation to their impact on idealized systems.     

国家大剧院钢管劲性柱的制管实践

本文对武钢高性能耐火耐候建筑用钢WGJ510C2在国家大剧院钢管劲性柱的制管实践进行了归纳和总结。结果表明：按照管线钢管规范，采用合适的工艺流程，WGJ510C2钢适用于国家大剧院工程用高频直缝电阻焊钢管的制造，各项性能指标完全合格。     

红层泥岩边坡快速风化特性研究

红层泥岩边坡的快速风化是一个普遍存在而又未完全解决好的问题。选择典型工点，对红层泥岩边坡的快速风化进行原位监测试验，结果表明：红层泥岩边坡的快速风化是从表面向内进行的，且集中在表层10cm的深度内，气温的变化和降雨对泥岩边坡表层的快速风化有重要的影响。对泥岩岩块进行长时间的风化崩解试验，结果也证实日气温和含水量基本恒定时泥岩岩块的风化速度缓慢。采用泥岩岩块温度变化试验和有限元分析方法得出：红层泥岩表层处于高温状态时的降雨是其快速风化剥落的主要外因，这为红层泥岩边坡的生态治理提供了理论依据。     

Iron oxide amended biosand filters for virus removal

Laboratory studies were performed to determine if the addition of iron oxides throughout biosand filter (BSF) media would increase virus removal due to adsorption. The proposed mechanism is electrostatic adsorption of negatively charged virion particles to positively charged iron oxides formed during the corrosion of zerovalent iron. Initial tests conducted using continuous flow, small-scale glass columns showed high MS2 bacteriophage removal in an iron-amended sand column (5log₁₀) compared to a sand-only column (0.5log₁₀) over 20 pore volumes. Additionally, two experiments with a column containing iron particles revealed 4log₁₀ and 5log₁₀ removal of rotavirus in the presence of 20 mg/L total organic carbon. Full-scale BSFs with iron particles removed >4log₁₀ MS2 for the duration of the experiment (287 days), while BSF with steel wool removed >4log₁₀ MS2 for the first 160 days. Plug flow for the BSF was shown to depend on uniformity between the iron oxide material and sand media grains. The results suggest that the duration of effective virus removal by iron-amended biosand filtration depends on source water conditions and the quantity and composition of iron material added. Overall, this study provides evidence that iron-amended BSFs may advance the field of point-of-use technologies and bring relief to millions of people suffering from waterborne diseases.